{"id":9813,"date":"2026-06-26T11:02:30","date_gmt":"2026-06-26T11:02:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.colaw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9813"},"modified":"2026-06-26T11:03:46","modified_gmt":"2026-06-26T11:03:46","slug":"college-of-law-at-the-university-of-baghdad-discusses-a-dissertation-on-the-impact-of-custom-in-contracts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/en.colaw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9813","title":{"rendered":"College of Law at the University of Baghdad Discusses a Dissertation on the Impact of Custom in Contracts"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px\">The College of Law at the University of Baghdad discussed a PhD dissertation entitled \u201cThe Impact of Custom in Contracts: A Comparative Study\u201d, submitted by Zahraa Salman Anad, a candidate in the Department of Private Law, on Monday, 22 June 2026, in the College\u2019s Conference Hall.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px\">The examination committee consisted of:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px\">1. Prof. Dr. Hassan Fadhala Mousa \u2013 Chairman<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px\">2. Prof. Dr. Ali Mutashar Abdul Sahib \u2013 Member<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px\">3. Prof. Dr. Samira Hassan Muhsin \u2013 Member<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px\">4. Prof. Dr. Lubna Abdul Hussein Issa \u2013 Member<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px\">5. Assist. Prof. Dr. Amer Ghanim Alwan \u2013 Member<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px\">6. Prof. Dr. Jalil Hassan Bashat \u2013 Member and Supervisor<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px\">The dissertation aimed to develop a comprehensive theory of custom in contracts by examining its significance and its role in the formation, performance, and termination of contracts. It also explored the impact of custom on the interpretation and legal characterization of contracts, in addition to identifying the legal basis for its binding force.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px\">The dissertation comprised three chapters. The first chapter examined the concept and nature of custom in contracts. The second chapter addressed the role of supplementary custom in contracts, while the third chapter focused on the role of interpretative custom in contractual relationships.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px\">The dissertation concluded with several recommendations, the most significant of which were:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px\">1. Amending the legal provisions of the Iraqi Civil Code and other legislation that refer to custom by retaining only the term \u201ccustom\u201d and eliminating other expressions such as \u201chabit,\u201d \u201ccommon practice,\u201d and \u201cestablished dealings.\u201d This amendment aims to achieve terminological consistency and avoid confusion between contractual custom, which has binding legal force, and contractual usage, which becomes binding only when expressly incorporated into the contract by the parties.<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px\">2. Adopting a unified hierarchy among law, custom, and agreement in legal provisions addressing similar matters, and resolving inconsistencies in the order of these sources to ensure greater legislative coherence.<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px\">3. Amending Article (587) of the Iraqi Civil Code to read: \u201cThe expenses of delivering the sold property shall be borne by the purchaser unless otherwise provided by agreement or custom,\u201d thereby aligning it with Article (583) of the Iraqi Civil Code.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The College of Law at the University of Baghdad discussed a PhD dissertation entitled \u201cThe Impact of Custom in Contracts: &#8230; <a class=\"cz_readmore cz_readmore_no_icon\" href=\"https:\/\/en.colaw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9813\"><span>more<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":157,"featured_media":9815,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3,6,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9813","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-latest-news","category-pravite","category-9"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>College of Law at the University of Baghdad Discusses a Dissertation on the Impact of Custom in Contracts - College of Law<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"University of Baghdad discussed a PhD dissertation entitled \u201cThe Impact of Custom in Contracts: A Comparative Study\u201d,\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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