{"id":9446,"date":"2026-03-02T17:27:13","date_gmt":"2026-03-02T17:27:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.colaw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9446"},"modified":"2026-03-02T17:27:13","modified_gmt":"2026-03-02T17:27:13","slug":"college-of-law-university-of-baghdad-discusses-a-masters-thesis-on-the-provisions-of-proportional-fines-in-the-iraqi-penal-code-news","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/en.colaw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9446","title":{"rendered":"College of Law \u2013 University of Baghdad Discusses a Master\u2019s Thesis on the Provisions of Proportional Fines in the Iraqi Penal Code News"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">The College of Law \u2013 University of Baghdad discussed a master\u2019s thesis entitled \u201cThe Provisions of Proportional Fines in the Iraqi Penal Code \u2013 A Comparative Study,\u201d submitted by the student Abdulameer Hashim Sakar, in the Department of Criminal Law, on Sunday 10\/3\/2026, in the college conference hall.<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">The examination committee consisted of the following professors:<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">1.Prof. Dr. Nawal Tariq Ibrahim \u2013 Chairman<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">2.Prof. Dr. Haider Ghazi Faisal \u2013 Member<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">3.Prof. Dr. Alaa Nasser Hussein \u2013 Member<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">4.Prof. Dr. Firas Abdulmunim Abdullah \u2013 Member and Supervisor<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">The thesis aimed to examine the distinctive nature of the proportional fine penalty, which has special provisions requiring the trial court, in certain crimes, to impose a proportional fine in addition to the principal penalty on all participants in the crime with a single fine, whether they are principal offenders or accomplices. The law also obliges them to pay the fine jointly and severally, which raises concerns regarding conflict with established principles in criminal law, especially the principle of personal criminal liability and punishment.<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">The thesis consisted of three chapters:<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022The first chapter examined the concept and nature of proportional fines.<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022The second chapter discussed the provisions governing proportional fines.<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022The third chapter addressed the procedures for enforcing proportional fines and their impact on the contemporary penal system.<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">The thesis reached several recommendations, the most important of which are:<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">1.The Iraqi legislator should specify the nature of the benefit gained by the offender from the crime or the benefit intended, in order to avoid multiple interpretations of the penal provision stated in Article (92\/2) of the Penal Code.<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">2.The Iraqi legislator should expand the application of proportional fines, whether in crimes included in the Penal Code or in special penal laws, in order to compensate for damages resulting from crimes, particularly illicit enrichment and financial corruption crimes.<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">3.Proportional fines should not be substituted with custodial penalties (imprisonment).<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column]<div id=\"cz_87479\" class=\"cz_grid_p cz_87479\"><div class=\"cz_grid cz_grid_1 clr cz_grid_c2 cz_grid_1_no_title cz_grid_1_mid tac\"><div class=\"cz_grid_item cz_grid_first\"><\/div><div class=\"cz_grid_item \"><div data-title=\"ro2\"><a class=\"cz_grid_link \" href=\"https:\/\/en.colaw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2026\/03\/ro2.jpeg\" data-xtra-lightbox><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/en.colaw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2026\/03\/ro2-600x500.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-codevz_600_600\" alt=\"\" title=\"ro2\" \/><div class=\"cz_grid_details\"><i class=\"fa fa-search cz_grid_icon\"><\/i><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"cz_grid_item \"><div data-title=\"ro3\"><a class=\"cz_grid_link \" href=\"https:\/\/en.colaw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2026\/03\/ro3.jpeg\" data-xtra-lightbox><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/en.colaw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2026\/03\/ro3-600x500.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-codevz_600_600\" alt=\"\" title=\"ro3\" \/><div class=\"cz_grid_details\"><i class=\"fa fa-search cz_grid_icon\"><\/i><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] The College of Law \u2013 University of Baghdad discussed a master\u2019s thesis entitled \u201cThe Provisions of Proportional Fines in &#8230; <a class=\"cz_readmore cz_readmore_no_icon\" href=\"https:\/\/en.colaw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9446\"><span>more<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":205,"featured_media":9448,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9446","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-latest-news","category-criminal"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - 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