{"id":7961,"date":"2025-09-10T18:57:37","date_gmt":"2025-09-10T18:57:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.colaw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=7961"},"modified":"2025-09-10T18:57:37","modified_gmt":"2025-09-10T18:57:37","slug":"the-college-of-law-discusses-a-masters-thesis-on-liability-arising-from-letters-of-guarantee","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/en.colaw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=7961","title":{"rendered":"The College of Law Discusses a Master&#8217;s thesis on Liability Arising from Letters of Guarantee."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]<strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">The college of Law at the University of Baghdad Discusses a Master&#8217;s Thesis on Liability Arising from Letters of Guarantee<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">The college of Law, University of Baghdad, held a discussion of a master&#8217;s thesis titled &#8220;Liability Arising from Letters of Guarantee&#8221;, submitted by the student Osama Sameer Zinad in the Private Law Department, on Wednesday, September 3, 2025, in the Model Courtroom at the college.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">The examination committee consisted of the following professors:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Prof. Dr. Ali Mutshar Abdul Sahib \u2013 Chairman<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Prof. Dr. Jamal Abdul Kadhim Yassin \u2013 Member<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Asst. Prof. Dr. Nasreen Ghanem Hanoun \u2013 Member<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Prof. Dr. Haidar Faleh Hassan \u2013 Member and Supervisor<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Thesis Aim:<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">The thesis aimed to explore the possibility of reconciling the general rules of civil liability, whether contractual or tortious, with letters of guarantee, considering them a tool of financial guarantee and banking credit. It examined whether these legal principles could be adapted to govern disputes that may arise among the parties to the guarantee and whether compensation could be awarded in accordance with the rules of liability.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Structure of the Thesis:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">The thesis was divided into two chapters:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Chapter One: The general framework of civil liability arising from letters of guarantee.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Chapter Two: The specific instances in which such liability may arise.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Key Recommendations:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">The thesis proposes that the Iraqi Ministry of Planning, in coordination with the Council of Ministers, amend the Instructions for Implementing Government Contracts No. 2 of 2014, particularly Regulation No. (17) and the associated standard documents, by replacing the term &#8220;bank guarantee&#8221; with &#8220;letter of guarantee&#8221; wherever it appears.<\/span><\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">The justification is that a bank guarantee is an accessory obligation that allows the bank to avoid payment under certain conditions, whereas a letter of guarantee is characterized by independence and obliges the bank to fulfill the guarantee as long as its conditions are met.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">The thesis also recommends that the Iraqi legislator add the following paragraph to Article (293) of the current Commercial Law, designating it as &#8220;Second&#8221;, and re-numbering the existing text as &#8220;First&#8221;:<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">&#8220;The relationship between the bank and the beneficiary shall be subject to the provisions of this law and the regulations and instructions issued pursuant to it. Any breach committed by either party against the other shall result in tort liability unless otherwise agreed, and without prejudice to any criminal or disciplinary penalties stipulated in other laws.&#8221;<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column]<div id=\"cz_47579\" class=\"cz_grid_p cz_47579\"><div class=\"cz_grid cz_grid_1 clr cz_grid_c2 cz_grid_l2 cz_grid_1_no_title cz_grid_1_mid tac\"><div class=\"cz_grid_item cz_grid_first\"><\/div><div class=\"cz_grid_item \"><div data-title=\"WhatsApp-Image-2025-09-03-at-9.44.32-PM-1200x500\"><a class=\"cz_grid_link \" href=\"https:\/\/en.colaw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2025\/09\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-09-03-at-9.44.32-PM-1200x500-1.jpeg\" data-xtra-lightbox><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"500\" 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https:\/\/en.colaw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2025\/09\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-09-03-at-9.50.16-PM-1200x500-1-300x125.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/en.colaw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2025\/09\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-09-03-at-9.50.16-PM-1200x500-1-1024x427.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/en.colaw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2025\/09\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-09-03-at-9.50.16-PM-1200x500-1-768x320.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/en.colaw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2025\/09\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-09-03-at-9.50.16-PM-1200x500-1-600x250.jpeg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><div class=\"cz_grid_details\"><i class=\"fa fa-search cz_grid_icon\"><\/i><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]The college of Law at the University of Baghdad Discusses a Master&#8217;s Thesis on Liability Arising from Letters of &#8230; <a class=\"cz_readmore cz_readmore_no_icon\" href=\"https:\/\/en.colaw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=7961\"><span>more<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":157,"featured_media":7963,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3,6,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7961","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-latest-news","category-pravite","category-9"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The College of Law Discusses a Master&#039;s thesis on Liability Arising from Letters of Guarantee. - College of Law<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"he thesis aimed to explore the possibility of reconciling the general rules of civil liability, whether contractual or 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