{"id":6885,"date":"2025-05-24T16:20:58","date_gmt":"2025-05-24T16:20:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.colaw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=6885"},"modified":"2025-05-24T16:20:58","modified_gmt":"2025-05-24T16:20:58","slug":"college-of-law-university-of-baghdad-discusses-dissertation-on-adhesion-in-contracts-between-professionals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/en.colaw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=6885","title":{"rendered":"College of Law \u2013 University of Baghdad Discusses Dissertation on Adhesion in Contracts Between Professionals"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">College of Law \u2013 University of Baghdad Discusses Dissertation on Adhesion in Contracts Concluded Between Professionals. <\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">On Thursday, May 22, 2025, the College of Law at the University of Baghdad held a defense for a doctoral dissertation titled \u201cAdhesion in Contracts Concluded Between Professionals\u201d, submitted by Saif Al-Din Mahdi Kazem from the Department of Private Law. The defense was held in the college\u2019s Conference Hall.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">The examination committee consisted of:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Prof. Dr. Haider Faleh Hassan \u2013 Chairman<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Prof. Dr. Samira Hussein Muhaysin \u2013 Member<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Prof. Dr. Jamal Abdul Kazem \u2013 Member<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Asst. Prof. Dr. Khalis Nafi Amin \u2013 Member<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Asst. Prof. Dr. Nada Abdul Kazem Hussein \u2013 Member<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Prof. Dr. Ali Matshar Abdul Sahib \u2013 Member and Supervisor<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">The dissertation aimed to clarify the concept of adhesion contracts among professionals, distinguishing them from other forms of adhesion. It addressed the legal nature of such contracts, the criteria for identifying them, and the legal protections available to professionals subjected to non-negotiable terms.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">The study was structured into three chapters:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Chapter One: The concept of adhesion contracts between professionals<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Chapter Two: Criteria for identifying professional adhesion contracts<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Chapter Three: Legal protections for professionals in adhesion contracts<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">The dissertation concluded with several key recommendations, including:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Affirming the legal protection of professionals: Especially in light of developments that have increasingly made professionals vulnerable to adhesion contracts where terms are imposed without the opportunity for negotiation.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Going beyond mere revision or interpretation of contract terms: It was recommended not only to modify or exempt oppressive conditions but also to consider invoking criminal or quasi-criminal liability. This would involve imposing fines or penalties on professionals who unfairly impose non-negotiable, abusive terms that harm the other party.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Proposing an amendment to Article 167\/1 of the Iraqi Civil Code No. 40 of 1951 to distinguish between negotiated contracts and adhesion contracts more clearly. The proposed text: <\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><em>\u201cA negotiated contract is one in which the terms are subject to discussion between the parties, while an adhesion contract contains a set of non-negotiable terms predetermined by one party.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">This dissertation contributes to a more nuanced understanding of power dynamics in professional contracts, offering both theoretical insight and practical legal recommendations to ensure fairness and accountability in contractual relations.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column]<div id=\"cz_17424\" class=\"cz_grid_p cz_17424\"><div class=\"cz_grid cz_grid_1 clr cz_grid_c2 cz_grid_l2 cz_grid_1_no_title cz_grid_1_mid tac cz_tooltip cz_grid_1_no_title\"><div class=\"cz_grid_item cz_grid_first\"><\/div><div class=\"cz_grid_item \"><div data-title=\"WhatsApp-Image-2025-05-22-at-12.34.53-PM-1200x500\"><a class=\"cz_grid_link \" href=\"https:\/\/en.colaw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2025\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-05-22-at-12.34.53-PM-1200x500-1.jpeg\" data-xtra-lightbox><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/en.colaw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2025\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-05-22-at-12.34.53-PM-1200x500-1.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-codevz_1200_500\" alt=\"\" title=\"WhatsApp-Image-2025-05-22-at-12.34.53-PM-1200x500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/en.colaw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2025\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-05-22-at-12.34.53-PM-1200x500-1.jpeg 1200w, https:\/\/en.colaw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2025\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-05-22-at-12.34.53-PM-1200x500-1-300x125.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/en.colaw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2025\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-05-22-at-12.34.53-PM-1200x500-1-1024x427.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/en.colaw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2025\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-05-22-at-12.34.53-PM-1200x500-1-768x320.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/en.colaw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2025\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-05-22-at-12.34.53-PM-1200x500-1-600x250.jpeg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><div class=\"cz_grid_details\"><i class=\"fa fa-search cz_grid_icon\"><\/i><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"cz_grid_item \"><div data-title=\"WhatsApp-Image-2025-05-22-at-12.35.14-PM\"><a class=\"cz_grid_link \" href=\"https:\/\/en.colaw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2025\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-05-22-at-12.35.14-PM-1.jpeg\" data-xtra-lightbox><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/en.colaw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2025\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-05-22-at-12.35.14-PM-1-1200x500.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-codevz_1200_500\" alt=\"\" title=\"WhatsApp-Image-2025-05-22-at-12.35.14-PM\" \/><div class=\"cz_grid_details\"><i class=\"fa fa-search cz_grid_icon\"><\/i><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;] College of Law \u2013 University of Baghdad Discusses Dissertation on Adhesion in Contracts Concluded Between Professionals. On Thursday, &#8230; <a class=\"cz_readmore cz_readmore_no_icon\" href=\"https:\/\/en.colaw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=6885\"><span>more<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":157,"featured_media":6888,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3,6,1,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6885","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-latest-news","category-pravite","category-uncategorized","category-9"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>College of Law \u2013 University of Baghdad Discusses Dissertation on Adhesion in Contracts Between Professionals - College of Law<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The dissertation aimed to clarify the concept of adhesion contracts among professionals, 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