The College of Law – University of Baghdad discussed a Master’s thesis entitled “Legal Regulation of Digital Banks – A Comparative Study,” submitted by the student Jaafar Mohammed Abdul Mahmoud in the Department of Private Law. The discussion took place on Thursday, 19 February 2026, in the Model Court Hall.
The examination committee consisted of:
1.Prof. Dr. Ali Fawzi Al-Mousawi – chairman
2.Assist. Prof. Dr. Hadeel Saad Ahmed – Member
3.Assist. Prof. Dr. Haifa Muzhir Falahi – Member
4.Prof. Dr. Akram Mohammed Hussein – Member and Supervisor
The thesis aimed to clarify the legal framework of digital banks, including their definition, characteristics, and legal nature, and to evaluate the adequacy of existing legal provisions in addressing liability issues in the absence of specific legislation regulating this type of banking.
The thesis consisted of three chapters:
•Chapter One: The concept and nature of digital banks
•Chapter Two: Digital banking activities
•Chapter Three: Supervision of digital banks and their civil liability
The thesis presented several recommendations, the most important of which were:
First: The necessity of including explicit legal provisions in Iraqi banking legislation to regulate digital banks, including licensing requirements, minimum capital, and the technical and operational standards required for conducting their activities.
Second: Requiring digital banks to provide mandatory deposit guarantees through reliable deposit insurance companies in accordance with the Bank Deposit Guarantee Regulation No. 3 of 2016, in order to ensure full protection of deposited funds against technological risks.
Third: Establishing a special supervisory framework for digital banks that takes into account their technological nature and strengthens the role of the Central Bank in supervising and regulating their activities, ensuring financial stability and protecting customers.
